The Inflammatory Factors Associated with Disease Severity to Predict COVID-19 Progression

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm. Exploring the immune-inflammatory characteristics of COVID-19 patients essential to reveal pathogenesis predict progression. In this study, showed decreased CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T cells but increased neutrophils in circulation, exhibiting upregulated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte neutrophil-to-CD8+ cell ratio. IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-10, Tim-3, IL-8, neutrophil extracellular trap–related proteinase 3, S100A8/A9 were elevated, whereas IFN-γ C-type lectin domain family 9 member A (clec9A) compared healthy controls. When influenza patients, expressions Tim-3 significantly critical carcinoembryonic Ag, could serve as clinically available hematologic indexes for identifying from influenza. Moreover, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid severe/critical moderate despite CD4+ cells, B NK cells. Interestingly, S100A8/A9, 3 found be predictive severity may potential biomarkers predicting progression targets therapeutic intervention COVID-19.